Saturday, September 28, 2013

Consequences of Stress on Children's Development






Wk4Blog Assignment
I didn’t realize my family and I were living in poverty until I became old enough to understand that we were poor. Our Parents had four boys’ ages two weeks and four, five and 10 years old and one girl. I was only two years old at the time. My father work very hard trying to provide for us. Unfortunately, for all of us, our mother died leaving behind five children and a husband. We had to live in government housing for ten years or more until we graduated from high school. Our family gain stress from being hurry because we had very little to eat. We didn’t have a lot of toys to play with so we would make our toys. Therefore, we didn’t have enough money to take care of all our needs. Such as medical, Food, clothes and shoes were limited growing up. My brothers and I encounter consequence growing up and sometimes complications and problems after our mother death. It brought hardship among the entire family. However, my great aunt moved from Houston, Texas to live with us as our caregiver who only received hundred dollars a check from the Social Security Office. Even though she lived with us and tried to help we were still living in poverty but we weren’t starving. However, my father needed someone to watch us while he went to work and school. Aunt Lillian would iron clothes for wealthy families to eared extra money during the week. There were times he just didn’t have money after paying bills. Therefore, we had to eat whatever was in the house. On some school days we didn’t have lunch bags and had to take empty ButterKrest bread bags to put our lunch inside. The children at school would laugh. For example, some days we would eat sandwiches and chips for dinner it we didn’t have anything else. My oldest brother would make grits which tasted awful but we would eat it because we were hungry. A lot of days my father would borrow money, so we wouldn’t be hurry. Sometimes he wouldn’t eat he would only feed us. Also, if we had a loose tooth and my father couldn’t afford to take us to the dentist, he take a piece of thread and tie it around our tooth and the other end of the thread he would tie it to the doorknob and shut the door and our tooth would come out.  If our stomach hurt my aunt would make some medicine out of Castrol, cornstarch and with a teaspoon of whisky and shake it up and give us a tea spoon. After, she would give us a taste of orange soda to make us feel better. My father would give my oldest brother a dollar to take to the chicken stand next door by our house, because the manager and my dad made arrangements  so my dad would send my brothers and myself to knock on the back door and they would give us the left over chicken in a brown paper bag after closing and my father would heat it up in the oven and cook a large can of corn to served with it and we ate our dinner.  We will walk to the store and buy cereal and milk to eat on the weekend every now and then we have bacon and eggs. Sometimes pancakes with syrup. I recall during my early childhood we had second hand clothing that was given by some of the military families who drop off clothes at my father’s job at the hospital.
My aunt would wash and starch our clothes for us and they would look new so we could go to school looking nice and clean.  Sometimes, we had to wear shoes that were too little or too big. Sometimes we had to put tissue paper at the toe so they would fit. Next, there were times my brothers and I had to put a piece of cardboard at the bottom of our shoes until our father could afford to buy us some more shoes. If we complained to my great aunt and our dad, they would say, “Thank God you have shoes there are a lot of children who don’t have shoes”.
On Sunday’s our entire family came together and brought food and we’ll have a big meal for all of the children and adults. They will bring dishes such as, vegetables and meats, breads, cakes or pies and the adults and children in the family would eat at grandma apartment. Together my aunt, grandmother and father showed us how to survive. My family and my self would go to church and every summer my brothers and my self would attend a Summer Vocational Bible School.  Furthermore, we had join the community parks a Recreation center, because the services provided a healthy lunch and the workers would feed us as long as we participated in the program activities. I would clean a school teacher house on the weekends she paid me five dollars to clean her whole house. Five dollars would make me feel rich but it was a lot back in those days. I was in junior middle school and needed to make extra money for myself to buy the things I wanted to wear by saving my money. Simply, because I got tried of being teased and the children calling me Grandma at school because the dresses I had were too long. When I became sixteen years old I work for a summer program and was able to buy my clothes and shoes for the next following school term until I was able to finish high school.
How we were able to survive was by having faith and believing in God and praying. We were able to cope with ramifications by staying together as a family and work together and attending church to help one another. My father and aunt loved and cared for us very much because they did provide for us when we couldn’t provide for ourselves. My father was a good man and our Aunt was a good lady and we where happy to have them in our lives. I know I can speak for all of us, because they showed us how much they love and care for us doing these crises. My father never left his family or gave us up for adoption.
 
The approach I read on is about child poverty in Vietnam, observing the multidimensional of the poorest children living conditions that are taking place in this urban regional.
In Vietnam it is consider that every third child is to be multidimensionality poor. Therefore, children who are in living in poverty due to water sanitation, leisure, shelter, child labor, education and there is an incidence depth of severity among infants and well as children. Also, 20% of all children which is the large majority who live in large urban rural divide and regional disparities, are in the Northern Mountains regions experience the deepest and most severe poverty.
 The children living in the mountains regions doesn’t have hygienic sanitation facility, In other words their house’s don’t have private piped water to protect the sewerage septic tanks when flash their toilets and this consist of a percentage of all children in ages from 0-15. There is no clean drinking water, therefore it is not safe for them to drink may cause deaths to an unborn infants or children to be subject to some kind of  impairment to their mental and physical abilities.
Furthermore, there are child labor laws that are broken due to poverty and most children ages 5-14 work for an employer in household production or self- employment, are a family member, a rice field, business or begging on the streets. Some children might get paid and there are some who don’t get paid for working, regardless of how many hours the work.
Therefore, leisure is another poverty concern for the young children ages from 0-4 who don’t have any store brought toys are anyone to make them toys.
As for as education children 0-4 don’t have at least one book or picture book to look at are have some one to read to them. Also, most children ages 5-15 not enrolled in school or haven’t completed primary schools.
The social poverty includes children ages 0-4 don’t have a birth registration.
Of the estimated 2.2 billion children worldwide, about a billion, or every second child, live in poverty.[23] Of the 1.9 billion children in developing nations, 640 million are without adequate shelter; 400 million are without access to safe water; 270 million have no access to health services.[24] In 2003, 10.6 million children died before reaching the age of five, which is equivalent to the total child population of France, Germany, Greece, and Italy.[25] 1.4 million die each year from lack of access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation while 2.2 million die each year due to lack of immunizations.
Child Poverty in Vietnam: Providing Insights Using
a Country-Specific and Multidimensional Model
Keetie Roelen Franziska Gassmann ChrisdeNeubourg
What is done to minimize the poverty in Vietnam According to; PRESS RELEASE

World Bank Group to Invest $700 Million by 2015 to Improve Women and Children’s Health in Poor Countries

September 23, 2013
NEW YORK CITY, September 23, 2013 — Today at the United Nations, World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim will announce that the Bank Group projects at least $700 million in financing through the end of 2015 to help developing countries reach the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for women and children’s health. This new funding comes from the International Development Association (IDA), the World Bank Group’s fund for the poorest countries, and will enable national scale-ups of successful pilot reproductive, maternal, and child health projects that were made possible by support from the Bank Group’s Health Results Innovation Trust Fund (HRITF) and IDA. This announcement follows President Kim’s September 2012 commitment to help scale up funding for MDGs 4 and 5 as part of the UN Secretary General’s Every Woman Every Child global partnership.“We need to inject greater urgency into our collective efforts to save more women and children’s lives, and evidence shows that results-based financing has significant impact,” said World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim. “The World Bank Group is committed to using evidence-based approaches to help ensure that every woman and every child can get the affordable, quality health care necessary to survive and live a healthy, productive life.” World Bank Group to Invest $700 Million by 2015 to Improve Women and Children’s Health in Poor Countries http://www.worldbank.org
Reference:

Child Poverty in Vietnam: Providing Insights Using a Country-Specific and Multidimensional Model.
Child Poverty in Vietnam: Providing Insights Using
a Country-Specific and Multidimensional Model
Keetie Roelen FranziskaGassmann ChrisdeNeubourg

World Bank Group to Invest $700 Million by 2015 to Improve Women and Children’s Health in Poor Countries

http://www.worldbank.org

Saturday, September 14, 2013

Child Development and Public Health



Wk2Blog Assignment
Child Development and Public Health
Immunization is very meaningful to me because it affects the well-being of a human- being who can not provided for them self the necessities needed to be healthy productive individual in their community or society though out their entire life. If children and families suffer because of the lack of money or inappropriate behavior of some adults who field to get the appropriate education, training, care and support not just this economy fields, but everyone in the world will be effective by this crises mentally, physically and financially. I love all children and I take health care of an individual very serious, because the children or our future and if we as parent’s and professional don’t provide the best health care for them I can’t image what type of future we will have if everyone born doesn’t get medical treated. Can you? Why, Because I am a mother and grandmother and I couldn’t even image having to go through life knowing that I couldn’t get the proper health care for my children or grandchild. Especially if I couldn’t afford the medical cost or there wasn’t any one who was available at the time I needed health care for them who had the proper training or didn’t have the availability to perform and practice the procedure I need for my child when he or she was born to provide the appropriate support.
“In Sub-Saharan Africa children and families are affected with the highest rates of (PCEHL) which is permanent congenital and early outset of hearing loss in neonatal the newborn babies, zero-three months and infants four – twelve month old babies and child mortality. The (PCEHL) affects the psychosocial, educational, and economic, and consequences Highlights within the interrelationships between the region that causes a global burden.” 
The majority of children from birth to early development are not always provided Immunization or detected at an early age and or cased out of their home, sometimes sent to live with other relatives or society because of their disability. The reason this has taken place because of the lack of education, training or money. Some of the children who have develop an disease are taught to do arts and crafts and are not able to go to school because of their disability and some children or place on the streets to sell items they made to survive though out their adulthood. Some of the parents keep their child isolated and want bring them out in public, also, some parents disown their child or children with a disability because others think or them self might think of the child being evil.
”Evidence from the developed world suggests that many of the adverse consequences of permanent congenital and early-onset hearing loss (PCEHL) can be avoided or significantly mini-mized if these children are detected preferably in the first three months of life, and provided with auditory stimulation involving active family participation not beyond the first year of life (Watkin et al, 2007; Moeller, 2000; Kennedy et al, 2006;
Yoshinaga-Itano et al; 1998). According to research; “Sub-Saharan Africa has a population of 748.9 million spread over a land mass of 24.3 million square meters and 46 countries with wide ethnic, linguistic, religious, economic, and cultural diversity. Although, the population represents 11.4% of the world’s population, an estimated 45% or more of its people live below the poverty line, on less than US$1 a day.” 
(Priorities for early hearing detection and intervention in sub-Saharan Africa.  Olusanya, Bolajoko O. International Journal of Audiology. Sep2008)
 “The article explains about the birth patterns and routine immunization schedules in the first three months of birth that are needed to stop the diseases academic within the regions. Initiatives and early intervention is needed in the country. In other words, professionals, such as doctors, nurses and teachers are a big concern as far as current practices, there is a shortage of staff training and in the medical and educational field.”
“There is currently no reliable data on the manpower size of ear-care professionals, particularly, otolaryngologists, audiologists, speech pathologists, and teachers of the deaf in the region. In
Ideal situations, audiologists and/or ENT surgeons or physicians will be required to provide diagnostic and rehabilitative services under the coordination of a child health specialist or develop-mental pediatrician. “In Lagos State, the most developed and urbanized state in Nigeria, there are less than 25 otolaryngologists serving an estimated population of 15 million. The average period spent in an Ear, Nose, and Throat or Audiology posting by medical students is less than four weeks during their undergraduate training. Formal full-time training for audiology and speech pathology are lacking in most tertiary institutions although the country has ever all public and private universities. The only available training is offered in two universities as part-time and post-graduate diplomas for candidates in special education. In fact, there are less than 10 certified audiologists in the country and the status of training for audiologists has not shown any
Material improvement since the report by Eleweke (1997).”
(Priorities for early hearing detection and intervention in sub-Saharan Africa.  Olusanya, Bolajoko O. International Journal of Audiology. Sep2008)
 “ According to research; it is a proven fact that many of the countries with the highest burden of maternal, infant, and child mortality also account for corresponding proportions of developmentally disadvantaged children globally, excluding sensory disabilities for which reliable data are only just emerging(Grantham-McGregor et al, 2007). About 180 000 babies are born with or acquire permanent hearing loss (40 dBHL) in the first weeks of life in sub-Saharan Africa annually (based on an estimated incidence of 6 per 1000 live births), compared to 22 000 44 000 babies in all the industrialized countries combined (based an estimated incidence of 24 per 1000) (Olusanya & Newton, 2007; UNICEF, 2007;Smith et al, 2005).”
(Priorities for early hearing detection and intervention in sub-Saharan Africa.  Olusanya, Bolajoko O. International Journal of Audiology. Sep2008)
I learned from the information I read it can impact my future world as a teacher if children and families are not able to comprehend or function because of poor health they can’t learn. It truly hurt me as a individual and as a professional if I can’t identify are provided the appropriate support to detect or any health concerns involving the child will cause them suffer from cognitive, linguistic, and psychosocial development. In other words, failure to identify any health related problem at birth or early in life impacts children and families to perform and function in their entire life course crucially impacts me trying to teach them to perform successfully in education and vocational training because they wouldn’t be able to perform to their best abilities if they were unhealthy. I wouldn’t have a job if I couldn’t provide the appropriate services to the children and their families. It is my responsibility as an individual, parent and professional to be able to detect or provided update information and report information concerning any health issues that involves the children and families in my care.

Saturday, September 7, 2013

Childbirth In Your Life and Around the World




My first personal birth experience begin August 10, 1988 when I gave birth at 11: 14 a.m. to a six pound and 10 ½ ounce healthy beautiful baby girl. I was in labor for 11 hours waiting to give birth. However, my daughter wasn’t in a hurry. I ask if I could have something for pain. They made me wait. Also, I ask the nurse if I can have something to eat, because I been there all night without and food. She said nothing heavy only water and crackers. Next, I was praying I live though it all. The nurse gave me enema and an I.V. That way I would go to the restroom and become totally cleaned out.
The pain was so unbearable I couldn’t eat anything. I kept squeezing the pillow hoping to ease the pain. Oh well, that didn’t happen at all, Okay. I remember my daughter’s father being in the delivery room with me trying to comfort me and I wanted him to leave the room because he was just getting on my nerves. He decided to step out for a few minutes until I clam down. Next, my sister in-law came in and tried to coach me by asking me to breath out each time I had a contraction. So, I did but nothing seems to help at this time I was at my breaking point. However, my dear sweet god mother who was a OB Nurse coach me and  my father tried to comfort me as well, but I wasn’t having it. Everyone seems to be getting on my nerves. I know they were trying to help but the pain was so intense that nothing or anyone wouldn’t have eased the pain. At least I figure that much out. The doctor had decided to do an ultrasound, because I had dilated ten centimeters and the baby wasn’t moving but her heart was still beating she was in the right position. The doctor said she is sleeping. I said what! Then laugh. Even the doctor could see her crown but she still wasn’t moving. I had stayed at the hospital all night and was just frustrated.
Once they saw the baby though the x-ray they told me she was just fine and I needed to clam down. I was thinking really? It felt like I was being cut by knives each time I had a contraction. Therefore, the doctor decided to induce labor. I remember being in so much pain and at the same time I was hungry.Therefore, I appreciated his humor, even though I didn’t think it was that funny at the time. But at least he took away some of the tense I was feeling for a moment. Next, the doctor gave me an epidural to ease the pain. It did help me a little but I could still feel the pain, Therefore, I agree to go along with the doctor orders. I push and push but still had complications trying to delivery my daughter. I remember thinking and saying to the doctor take the baby out and he said he would have to cut me in order to grab a hold of her head. I started praying and said O’ Lord Help please me and my baby. Now that my daughter was ready to wake up and visit her new family. Things seems a little scary at first, the doctor had the nurse to bring him the giant needle to give me a shot in my spine. But, once my daughter was born it was all worth it.
I choose this event because it was educational and the most beautiful life experience. My thoughts having my first child and being the first time mother made a positive influence in my life. Also, my baby girl gave me hope to make a different in her life and wanting to make a different in my life. I decided to continue my education and have a better life for the both of us. I didn’t have any ideal or clue in what to expect delivering a baby. However, being the only girl of four boys and my mother died when I was two years old left me clueless as a young woman about to have a child. I can say hearing and seeing is different, but experiencing life for yourself, it’s nothing like it. This is why I think first time moms need to be educated about child development and birth before becoming pregnant. Taken into consideration to what I have learn from reading this chapter I would have been more considerate towards the people who was there to comfort me more appreciated for their support knowing how much of affect they had on my newborn baby and myself. I wasn’t educated about giving birth at that time but I can say I’m truly educated about prenatal development. Now, I can say I have learned the hard way. Knowing the effects or impacts of what can effect the baby and me during delivery would have made my delivery less complicated for the baby, myself and everyone involved.
I decided to choose ABUJA, Nigeria, because it was very educating to learn how child birth take place in the country. I learned that a lot of the women were not educated to the fact that they need urgent care and medical supervision when having a baby. The women who were in labor are put in dangerous situations such as, they couldn’t afford to go to a hospital they would press a stick on her stomach or cut her vagina with a knife. Also, if they didn’t have transportation or money they had to deliver the baby from a poor village without any medical emergency treatment available. Also, there have been cases at the hospital once the women arrived at hospital there might not be electricity available for the doctor to perform the surgery on the expected mom or a  doctor or nurse on duty. Furthermore, some women give birth had to be took to the nearest hospital on a camel, donkey or carried by hand on a motorcycle. Women in remote village only have a few hours to get medical emergency treatment or an expert to deliver her baby and it might not be available.
“Nearly one in six material childbirth globally occurs in Nigeria.
If a woman from a poor village starts to bleed excessively during childbirth, she has only hours to live without emergency medical treatment, Obinya said. In many remote villages, she said, modern transportation is not always available and even if it is, many women can’t afford to pay the fare.” More from Global Post: Saving girls from senseless deaths 
ttp://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/africa/nigeria/120531/nigeria-fights-high-maternal-death-rate
While maternal death rates around the world have almost been cut into half over the past two decades, according to the UN report, Nigeria’s rate — 630 deaths for every 100,000 live births — is the world’s 10th highest, behind nine other sub-Saharan African countries led by Chad and Somalia.
ttp://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/africa/nigeria/120531/nigeria-fights-high-maternal-death-rate
Obinya said poverty, isolation, traditions and lack of access to health care are among the other causes for the high death rate of women during childbirth.
ttp://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/africa/nigeria/120531/nigeria-fights-high-maternal-death-rate.
The differences are we have access to emergency medical treatment, equipment, supplies and ambulance in which they don’t have 24/7 always available. When ever I look at the similarities we are human beings but we have different customs and beliefs and laws in our country. I believe no person should be treated with injustice and go without medical treatment 24/7 or being educated about child birth. In addition, hindsight as a women I am bless to have medical necessities need such as medication for pain  24/7 in cause of a dangerous situations. Also, the knowledge on development I gained about how important it is to be educated about life itself and to be a U.S. Citizen.